61 results
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... #Medications #Pharmacology ... #summary #table ... #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Diuretics sites ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... diuretics (e.g. ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Hypernatremia - Differential ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Hypernatremia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Antiarrhythmic Medications - Vaughan Williams Classification - Summary Table
Class I agents - Sodium Channel Blockers⠀
Class II
Antiarrhythmic Medications ... Classification - Summary Table ... Class I agents - Sodium ... Class III agents - Potassium ... Antiarrhythmic #Medications
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... function) - Loop diuretic ... #nephrology
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Piretanide Potassium ... as no effect on sodium ... #Pharmacology #nephrology
Pharmacokinetics of commonly used diuretics medications in CKD, Cirrhotic Ascites, and Heart Failure
 • Furosemide
 •
commonly used diuretics ... medications in ... Spironolactone MCW Nephrology ... MCW_Nephrology #diuretics ... halflife #comparison #table
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Thyrotoxicosis Medications ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Antiseizure Drugs 
Sodium Channel Blockers: Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Eslicarbazepine, Lamotrigine, Lacosamide, Phenytoin, fosphenytoin
Broad Spectrum: Valproate, Levetiracetam, Brivaracetam,
Antiseizure Drugs Sodium ... Tiagabine, Vigabatrin Potassium ... antiepileptic #medications ... pharmacology #comparison #table
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
overdose) - Sodium ... foscarnet - Diuretics ... hypomagnesemia #Medications ... #differential # ... diagnosis #nephrology