22 results
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... chronic kidney diseases ... • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... #Urine #Microscopy
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... fresh at time of microscopy ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
unilateral flank pain ... WBCs, or urine ... casts, dysmorphic ... → Refer to Nephrology ... and referral to Urology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
sediment - WBC/ ... RBC casts ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Minimal change disease ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... casts → Diagnostic ... of glomerular disease ... Diagnosis #causes #urology ... #nephrology #renal
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Disease Associations ... and concentrated urine ... Advanced kidney disease ... #Differential #Microscopy ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... severe cases ... #Glomerular #Diseases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, ... casts, crystals
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... Microscopic exam ... Red blood cells (RBC ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- BMP, cap, CBC ... - Urinalysis/microscopy ... UOP/weights - Urine ... - Pre-renal disease ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology