62 results
Antinuclear Antibodies (ANA)
ANA or Anti-NucIear Antibody refers to antibodies against antigens in the nucleus → like
Positive ANA ≠ Autoimmune ... , Drug-induced Lupus ... Disorders, Infection, Autoimmune ... Thyroid, Autoimmune ... ANA #patterns #rheumatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune ... Target Cell RBC ... Agglutinate: Cold autoimmune ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Consider sickle cell disease ... , Hemoglobin H disease ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
 • Epidemiology: 10-180/100,000, Typically Age 20-40, F:M
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... • Immunologic Workup ... life-threatening • Treatment ... Evolution: Chronic disease ... Management #Summary #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Immune-mediated: - Autoimmune ... usually IgG) (e.g. lupus ... idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... • Intrinsic RBC ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoantibodies and their Disease Associations
ANA - Non-specific; common in SLE, autoimmune hepatitis
Anti-CCP, Rheumatoid factor - RA
Anti-dsDNA
Autoantibodies and their Disease ... common in SLE, autoimmune ... microsomal) - Autoimmune ... biliary cirrhosis (PBC ... diagnosis #table #rheumatology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Warm Antibody Autoimmune ... ↑ LDH • Anti-RBC ... Warm #Antibody #Autoimmune ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #rheumatology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... Inflammatory and Autoimmune ... Diseases: • Systemic ... lupus erythematosus ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Pancytopenia - Workup and Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Consumption Disorders
 1. Autoimmune Mediated Pancytopenia
 2. Splenic Sequestration
Peripheral Destruction
Pancytopenia - Workup ... Autoimmune Mediated ... Autoimmune condition ... Metastatic Disease ... #Pancytopenia #Workup
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - Summary
Antinuclear (ANA) - 95% - Initial screening test
Anti-dsDNA - 50%
 • Associated
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... with more severe disease ... Treatment: • ... #Systemic #Lupus ... Summary #diagnosis #rheumatology