9 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... thiazide-like diuretics ... , Osmotic diuresis ... (mimics loop diuretic ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... pulmonary edema ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... • Steroids: IV ... Supportive Care: Diuresis
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Management Principles
Prerenal - Correct hemodynamic derangements:
 • If low preload →
Acute Kidney Injury ... low preload → IV ... high preload → Diuretics ... • Hepatorenal syndrome ... → No specific treatment
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
fever: - Fever + ANC ... afebrile 24-48 h and ANC ... → no immediate treatment ... Adjuncts: loop diuretics ... renal failure, pulmonary
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
hepatitis, or acute ... volume expansion + diuretic ... Associated with diuretic-resistant ... improvement after diuretic ... Medical: - Stop diuretics
Gout - Diagnosis and Management Summary

3 Conditions for Gout to Manifest:
1. Hyperuricemia
2. Monosodium urate deposition in
sex • Metabolic syndrome ... • Medications (diuretics ... • Discontinue diuretics ... gout treatment; ... allopurinol • IV
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
important to recognize Acute ... with presence of pulmonary ... excreted using diuretics ... Cardiac cath if acute ... coronary syndrome
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... D-lactate (short bowel syndrome ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... Classically” noted with pulmonary