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diagnosis hematology differential management oncology algorithm dermatology cardiology classification hemophagocytic hiv hlh infectiousdiseases leukemia lymphohistiocytosis mds myelodysplastic pulmonary thrombocytosis vasculitis
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... Extravascular #Causes ... #anemia
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Inflammatory Conditions: Rheumatologic ... Vasculitides, IBD, Celiac disease ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis Infectious: • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... : • Rheumatologic ... : EGPA, Horton Disease ... , Takayasu Disease ... • Metabolic: Uremia
Suspected Celiac Disease - Diagnosis Algorithm Celiac disease suspected: • Signs and symptoms of celiac disease •
suspected: • Signs ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... unresponsive to treatment ... without discernable cause ... NSAlDs, ARBs) • Infection
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Myelofibrosis Infectious ... disorders • Celiac disease ... effect following treatment ... Iron deficiency anemia ... #Hematology
Purpura - Differential Diagnosis Framework Non-blanchable, dark red to purple, hemorrhagic skin lesions that result from leakage
- Hemolytic anemia ... SLE) - Viral infections ... Kasabach-Merritt syndrome ... APLS • Acute Infectious ... #rheumatology #
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... risk-stratification • Risks: infection ... #hematology #oncology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) What? CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... DDX - Other causes ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Neutropenia - recurrent infections ... and petechiae Causes ... Idiopathic • Infections ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework Continuous Fever: Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
schistosomiasis • Pyemia ... Causes: • Still's ... • Behcet's syndrome ... • Hyper-IgD syndrome ... Brucellosis Faget's Sign
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