4061 results
Risk Factors for Septic Arthritis
Contiguous spread

Skin infection, cutaneous ulcers

Direct inoculation

Previous intraarticular injection

Prosthetic joint: early and delayed
early and delayed (Table ... Osteoarthritis Other cause ... Prosthetic joint: late (Table ... older than 80 years
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
10% of all lupus cases ... Discontinuation of causal ... autoantibodies (months to years ... Positive in 60-80% of cases ... sle #comparison #table
Morphology of Fungal Infections in Tissues
Fungal infections with hyphae or pseudohyphae in tissues:
 • Yeasts with
in tissues: • Yeasts ... • Pigmented yeasts ... infections with yeasts ... capsule • Small yeasts ... #fungi #mold #yeast
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... Nephritic #Comparison #Table
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy - Casts ... Acellular Casts ... • Hyaline Casts ... "Muddy Brown" Casts ... : • RBC Casts -
Common Fungal Pathology 
 • Candida - Small yeast intermingled with pseudohyphae
 • Aspergillosis - Septate
Candida - Small yeast ... material surrounding yeasts ... Histoplasmosis - Small yeast ... Narrow- budding yeast ... clinical #microscopy #table
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework
PRERENAL:
 - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated
 - Systemic vasodilation
 - Volume
white blood cell casts ... renal tubular cell casts ... or pigmented casts ... treating underlying cause
Drugs Causing Acute Pancreatitis

Class Ia: The medications in which there was a rechallenge and other causes
rechallenge and other causes ... out other common causes ... Class II: Cases ... and atleast4 case ... #Pancreatitis #Causes
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... persistent over at least ... Sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy and Casts - Image Atlas Key

- Squamous Epithelial Casts
- Transitional Epithelial Cells
- Renal Tubular
Microscopy and Casts ... Squamous Epithelial Casts ... RBCs - Granular Casts ... Urine #Microscopy #Casts