12 results
Mechanism of Action for Common Diabetes Medications

 • SGLT2i (Dapagliflozin)
 • TZD (Pioglitazone)
 • Biguanides (Metformin)
Dapagliflozin) • TZD ... #Medications #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Drugs that Impair Renal Potassium Excretion 

Decreased ENaC channel function: Amiloride, Triamterene, Pentamidine
Decreased Aldosterone Synthesis: Heparin,
that Impair Renal Potassium ... Aldosterone Release: ACE ... #Hyperkalemia #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... Impaired #Potassium
Mechanisms of Drug-Induced Hyperkalemia 
 • Direct renin inhibitor (Aliskiren)
 • Renin release inhibition (NSAIDs, Beta-Blockers)
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE ... • Exogenous (KCL ... differential #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... #pharmacology # ... potassium #medications
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: Mechanisms and Side Effects
 • Serotonin Syndrome:
   - Autonomic Hyperactivity:
Serotonin #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... SideEffects #Psychiatry ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors(SNRIs): Mechanisms and Side Effects

Withdrawal: Dizziness, Diarrhea, Insomnia, Nausea, Vomiting
Serotonin Syndrome - Potentially Life
SerotoninNorepinephrine #Inhibitors #Pathophysiology ... #Pharmacology # ... SideEffects #Psychiatry ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
Symptoms: Commonly no signs ... Bone/joint pain Psychiatric ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
Tree in Bud Sign ... sign represents ... actually seen in all ... #TreeInBud #Sign ... radiology #ChestCT #pathophysiology
Benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal: clinical findings and complications

 • Activation of ACC and OFC -> Feelings of
Benzodiazepine (BZD ... Activation of ACC ... #withdrawal #pharmacology ... #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
pituitary masses of all ... Signs / Symptoms ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
• Mutism Pathophysiology ... stimulation to all ... Nail bed pressure ... • Examine for signs