9 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... diuresis) RAAS ... syndrome) • ADH ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... syndrome - ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... syndromeHyponatremia ... Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Liver Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... Renal Failure, ... #sodium #low
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... - IV loop diuretic
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
declines > ALT) • AKI ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... + myoglobin AKI ... Loop diuretics for ... causes #treatment #nephrology