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differential causes potassium sodium hypokalemia management treatment framework k lowphosphate medications pharmacology phosphate physiologic rhabdomyolysis workup
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift • Recovery From DKA • Refeeding Syndrome • Acute Respiratory
• Hypokalemia ... - Renal FE PO4 ... • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... diuresis) RAAS ... syndrome) • ADH ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Syndrome, Chronic ... Renal Failure, ... #diagnosis #causes ... #low
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... syndrome - ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... • Diagnosis of ... syndrome • Hyponatremia ... Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Transcellular Shift: • Alkalosis ... • Refeeding syndrome ... • Discontinued diuretic ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Algorithm Syndrome ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Urine Fractional Excretion ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Inh., Osmotic diuresis ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
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