13 results
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... cryoglobulins, hepatitis serology ... , HIV serology, ... #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
clots ➔ Lower Urinary ... Immune mediated injury ... Upper and Lower urinary ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal ... throughout (upper urinary ... Diagnosis #EM #IM #Urology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
to Acute Kidney Injury ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... ) - Urinary tract ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Varicocele: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Primary:
 - Anatomically: the left spermatic vein drains into the left renal
clinical findings Primary ... retroperitoneal masses ... Inferior vena cava ... • Primary varicocele ... Signs #Symptoms #Urology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
result in permanent neurologic ... Causes of spinal ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... involved - Urinary ... differential #diagnosis #neurology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
hyperreactivity • Urologic ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... kidney disease • Primary ... insipidus • Primary
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
below the site of injury ... Non-compressive Spinal Cord Causes ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... disorders #diagnosis #neurology ... differential #algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
, rhabdo/crush injury ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause ... Calcium 2-3g IV Ca-gluconate ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
may precede the neurologic ... Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... the underlying cause ... Syndrome #diagnosis #management ... #neurology