43 results
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
syndrome (ST-HUS ... organ or stem cell ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... cold agglutin disease ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell ... disease (diverse ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Causes of Splenomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Infectious
 • Bacterial
 • Viral (EBV)
 • Parasitic
 • Fungal
Congestive
Congestive • Cirrhosis ... • Gaucher's Disease ... Serum Sickness Hemolytic ... Cell Disease (children ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin B12 ... Destruction: Zieve's syndrome ... , Spur cell anemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hepatology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Congenital Diseases ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
→ Refer to hematology ... for workup, including ... blood loss, Acute hemolysis ... Rebound effect from treatment ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
cells can indicate disease ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... Leukemia #diagnosis #workup ... #oncology #hematology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
extramedullary disease ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis