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diagnosis differential algorithm causes management mds myelodysplastic chronic cll emergencies hemeonc lymphocytic myelodysplasia neutropenia oncologic pancytopenia platelets syndromes thrombocytopenia thrombocytosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic ... Anemia • Toxic ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
Aplastic Anemia ... • Aplastic anemia ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... anemia Treatment ... #Anemia #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... dys- (abnormal) -plastic ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #hematology #oncology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
• Neutropenia, anemia ... Pure red cell aplasia ... microglobulin Treatment ... #diagnosis #workup ... #oncology #hematology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
for workup, including ... Acute hemolysis, deficiency ... anemia, Rebound ... effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
full infectious work-up ... days → add fungal work-up ... ): - Hematologic ... Usually myeloid leukemias ... treat - Calcium > 12
Causes of Neutropenia - Differential Diagnosis Neonate: - Infection - by far the most common cause -
hypertension and/or drug treatment ... Megaloblastic anemia-rare ... - Copper deficiency-rare ... white blood cell aplasia ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
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