27 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... Marrow Failure • Chronic ... : vitamin B12 or ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Chronic alcoholism ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... bowel disease, Chronic ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
of chronic kidney ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
anemia, Chronic ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Liver Disease, MDS ... myeloma Rouleaux: Chronic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... Treatment: ... • Improve the symptoms ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #MDS #Diagnosis ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Acute hemolysis, deficiency ... anemia, Rebound ... effect from treatment ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome ... • Infections: Chronic