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Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Autoimmune Diseases: • Systemic ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
• Thiamine B1 ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... • Riboflavin B2 ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... differential #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Low Serum B12 ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... • Rule out B12 ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Illness Script
Signs and symptoms:
 • Recurrent infections from neutropenia
 • Mucosal bleeding from
Aplastic Anemia ... Illness Script Signs ... Treatment: • Consider ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #hematology
Clinical Features of Systemic Lupus (SLE)
General: Fever (50%), Depression, Fatigue (75%), Weight loss (50%)
Eye: Sjögrens (15%)
Skin
Clinical Features of Systemic ... Demyelinating syndromes ... ) Blood (75%): Anemia ... erythematosus #signs ... symptoms #diagnosis #rheumatology
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Hepatorenal syndrome ... Lactic acidosis Systemic ... : Systemic inflammatory ... suppression, Anemia ... liver #failure #Signs
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... crisis • Severe B12 ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... " • HELLP syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma)
Limited - CREST:
 • Calcinosis
 • Raynaud phenomenon
 • Esophageal dysmotility
 • Sclerodactyly
 •
Systemic Sclerosis ... Joint involvement- 12% ... @AnnKumfer #Systemic ... Scleroderma #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #rheumatology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... thalassemia • Anemia ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... FOR a cause → Systematic ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #rheumatology