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Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Algorithm Signs of anemia ... / unconjugated bilirubin ... Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias ... #Hemolytic #Anemias
Laboratory Testing in Hemolytic Anemia

Intravascular vs Extravascular Hemolysis
Reticulocytes
Unconjugated bilirubin
LDH
Peripheral smear
Haptoglobin
Urine hemosiderin
Urine hemoglobin
Carboxyhemoglobin

#Hemolytic #Anemia #Laboratory #Testing #workup
Testing in Hemolytic Anemia ... Unconjugated bilirubin ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... DIAGNOSE AIHA • Anemia ... haptoglobin ↑ indirect bilirubin ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
breakdown • Anaemia ... Increased Serum bilirubin ... Hemolysis #Hemolytic #Anemia
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
predominantly indirect bilirubin ... • Increased bilirubin ... (eg, hemolytic anemias ... ) • Impaired bilirubin ... Faulty excretion of bilirubin
Commonly Observed Laboratory Findings in Hepatic / Liver Failure
 - Elevated conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin -
and unconjugated bilirubin ... and excretion of bilirubin ... deficiency - Anemia ... leads to chronic anemia
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... - Unconjugated Bilirubin
CHA2DS2VASc vs HAS-BLED scores for stroke risk and bleed risk on anticoagulation

C	Congestive Heart Failure	1

H	Hypertension	1

A2	Age >75	2

D	Diabetes Mellitus	1

S2	Stroke,
Liver (cirrhosis, bilirubin ... Bleeding history/anemia
TTP - Laboratory Evaluation for Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Activity of von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease activity - A
result in severe anemia ... immune hemolytic anemia ... Indirect bilirubin