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diagnosis management differential activetb algorithm emergencies hemeonc latenttb leukemia mds myelodysplastic oncologic syndromes table tb tuberculosis abscess anemia aplastic apml
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Spontaneous bleeding ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... differential #diagnosis #cancer
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
manifestations, hypoxia, CXR ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... lymphoid organs When Cancer ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... unusual bruising or bleeding ... by bleeding (petechiae ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... common • Imaging: CXR ... - pulmonary opacities ... diagnosis #management #hematology ... #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
ecchymoses, mucosal bleeding ... and petechiae Causes ... aplastic anemia Treatment ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology ... #hematology #diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... organ damage • Treatment ... Lysis of tumor cells ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Sweet Syndrome Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweets Syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by fever and inflamed
Causes: - Idiopathic ... , breast CA - Hematologic ... cancer such as ... Treatment: - Systemic ... #oncology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
): - Hematologic ... Simultaneous clotting and bleeding ... Treat underlying cause ... “big & sticky” cells ... renal failure, pulmonary
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary Lung Abscess Etiology: • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Large volume feeding ... Blood cultures • CXR ... early disease) • CXR ... foreign body, cancer ... Lung #Abscess #pulmonary
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