56 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... hypovolemia • Bleeding ... GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... hypovolemia • Bleeding ... GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... intake • Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... #Differential # ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Beer Potomania - Low ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... can be high or low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #differential # ... table #sodium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Primary #Metabolic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... salicylate toxicity causes ... ketoacidosis Renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Primary polydipsia, Low ... solute intake, Renal ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology