1780 results
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA): X-ray features
 • Soft tissue swelling (best seen by comparing left & right
Narrowing • Bony ... the articular bone ... Peri-articular osteopenia (bones ... Radiology #Clinical #Pathophysiology
Malignant Bone Tumors: Clinical Findings and Complications

#Malignant #BoneTumors #Bony #Complications #pathophysiology
Malignant Bone Tumors ... Malignant #BoneTumors #Bony ... Complications #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
- Hormones and Pathophysiology ... Calcitriol: • Bones ... PO4- PTH: • Bones ... : ↑ Bone resorption ... Hypercalcemia #Hormones #Pathophysiology
Osteoarthritis (OA): Clinical findings
 • Stimulation of joint nociceptors in subchondral bone -> Pain with loading
in subchondral bone ... architecture -> Palpable bony ... contact between bony ... Osteoarthritis #OA #pathophysiology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
absorption ↑ bone ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone ... Calcium #Phosphorus #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
mechanical loading => Bone ... strain => Bone ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... resorption in the bone ... resorption in the bone ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology
Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and risk factors

 • Age > 30 (post-peak bone mass)
 • Post-menopausal women ->
30 (post-peak bone ... Decr estrogen • Bone ... #Osteoporosis #pathophysiology
Mastoiditis: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Acute or Chronic Otitis Media -> 
Stage 1: Hyperemeia of the mastoid
3: Necrosis of bone ... destroying thin bony ... of the temporal bone ... inner cortical bone ... #Mastoiditis #pathophysiology