32 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... of High-anion Gap ... Chronic progressive ... (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... failure • Chronic ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
diuresis can be high ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal Insufficiency ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
associated with hypokalemia ... - Insulin (high ... overdose) - Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology ... #Causes #hypomg
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... perspiration Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes ... #nephrology #sodium ... #high
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
Causes of Fatigue ... • Adrenal Insufficiency ... Metabolic • Renal ... Liver Failure • Hypercalcemia ... Pulmonary Disease Neurologic
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... insufficiency/Failure ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Hyperoxaluria • Hypercalcemia ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes