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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... AIHA (48-70%) Cold ... HA (paroxysmal cold ... hemoglobinuria) • Cold ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis
 -
Causes of Extravascular ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Warm AIHA • Cold ... Complement-Mediated • Cold ... immune-complex hemolytic anemia
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... Immunosuppression, Splenectomy Cold ... BostonChiefs #Warm #Cold
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Pathophysiology - Warm vs Cold AIHA
Warm AIHA:
 - 70%; IgG mediated
 -
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia ... Pathophysiology - Warm vs Cold ... Smear: spherocytes Cold ... Autoimmune #Hemolytic #Anemia
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin ... 3 Types of Cold ... Cold Agglutinins ... Primary Secondary Cold ... • Cold agglutinin
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
Extravascular Causes ... Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... Autoimmune (AIHA)"Cold ... (e.g. primary cold ... Extravascular #Causes
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
for Hemolytic Anemia ... Intrinsic Causes ... • AIHA: warm, cold ... Intravascular Causes ... #Hemolytic #Anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... iron deficiency anemia ... Autoimmune hemolytic anemia ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... , Paroxysmal cold
Acute Diarrhea - Differential Diagnostic Algorithm
Watery/Large Volume (Small Bowel)
 • Viral
 • Bacterial (e.g. C peffrjngens,
Differential Diagnostic Algorithm ... . cholerae, E. coli ... E. coli, C difficile ... histolytjca) Nausea ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Causes of Urinary ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Easily reversible cause ... Precipitated by cold ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm