31 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
mm on posterior drawer ... • Complete isolated ... + Posterior draw ... #MSK #Sports #pathophysiology ... classification #diagnosis
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
Infection in HIV / AIDS ... therapy Herpes Simplex ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #AIDS #opportunistic ... #InfectiousDiseases
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
Febrile illness + ARDS ... +/- diarrhea Diagnosis ... • Autopsy PCR ... #Hantavirus #diagnosis ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
glucose and amino acids ... reabsorption of organic acids ... and bases, including ... reabsorption (2-5%) coupled ... Segments #Function #Pathophysiology
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
regardless of symptoms ... Diagnosis: Quantitative ... PCR and CMV pp65 ... Retinitis (Most common cause ... #signs #symptoms
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Cause ... homeostasis is complex ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Manifestations • Immune Complex ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
Tuberculosis - Diagnosis ... extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs/Symptoms ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
blood donor • Pathophysiology ... without other cause ... symptoms • Fever ... transfusion • Pathophysiology ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis
Invasive Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis and Management
Aspergillus is ubiquitous in nature. Most invasive infections are caused
Aspergillus (IA) - Diagnosis ... infections are caused ... A.fumigatus species complex ... , Advanced HIV/AIDS ... treatment #fungal #infectiousdiseases