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diagnosis hematology differential algorithm causes hemolysis extravascular intravascular purpura aflp allergic allergy analysis anemias atypical blood bruising cirrhosis classification clinical
Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Signs of anemia and hemolysis: • ↓ Haptoglobin • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... : • Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemias ... Hemolytic Anemias ... (AHAs) Nonimmune-mediated
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated • Etiology:
Hemolytic Anemia ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Hemolytic Anemia ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... hematology #diagnosis #comparison
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes Intravascular Hemolysis: • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... microangiopathy: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic ... uremic syndrome (HUS ... idiopathic) - Autoimmune ... diagnosis #hematology #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Schistocytes, thrombocytopenia ... , aHUS, mechanical ... elliptocytosis, autoimmune ... #Anemia #Differential
Atypical HUS - Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Unlike typical HUS, which is shigatoxin mediated, aHUS is not typically
Atypical HUS - Hemolytic ... minus diarrhea (autoimmune ... still present with anemia ... , thrombocytopenia ... #aHUS #Hemolytic
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hereditary: • Peripheral blood smear + DAT + further History •
Hemolytic Anemia ... → Sickle Cell anemia ... idiopathic, malignancy, autoimmune ... anemia (TTP, HUS ... #Anemia #Differential
Peripheral Blood Smear Analysis Hypochromia Megaloblastic Anemia Schistocytes: Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (e.g. DIC, TTP, HUS) Microspherocytes: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Sickled red
Microangiopathic hemolytic ... anemia (e.g. ... DIC, TTP, HUS) ... Microspherocytes: Autoimmune ... hemolytic anemia
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... methotrexate) • Drugs Autoimmune ... Syndrome • TTP/HUS ... Heart Valve) #Thrombocytopenia
Causes of Extravascular and Intravascular Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extravascular - Spleen and RES-mediated hemolysis -
Intravascular Hemolysis ... and RES-mediated hemolysis ... Cold AIHA • Alloimmune ... anemia • ... MAHA (TTP, DIC, HUS
Hypersensitivity: Summary Type I Hypersensitivity: • Immunological Mediator: lgE • Immunological Target: Allergen Molecules • Ex: Antibiotic
surfaces • Ex: Autoimmune ... Heparin induced thrombocytopenia ... , Autoimmune Hemolytic ... anemia, Penicillin-induced
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