172 results
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Diabetes Insipidus vs Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) - Comparison Table

Diabetes Insipidus - Inadequate ADH
SIADH -
Diabetes Insipidus ... Table Diabetes Insipidus ... #Diabetes #Insipidus ... Comparison #Table #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Central diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
binds cyanide - Sodium ... Toxicity #Toxicology #Pathophysiology ... #Management #Treatment
Pathophysiology of The Nephron - Electrolyte and Water Exchange

The nephron — electrolyte and water exchange. 
180
Pathophysiology ... 26000 mmol of sodium ... 60—180 mmol of sodium ... #Pathophysiology
ECG Changes in Hyperkalemia and Treatment
Membrane Stabilization
 - Calcium gluconate or chloride 
Redistribution
 - Insulin
Albuterol - Sodium ... Furosemide - Sodium ... Hyperkalemia #Treatment #Management
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus
Hyperkalemia Management
Membrane Stabilizers:
 • Calcium gluconate
Shifters:
 • Insulin + glucose
 • Albuterol
Excreters:
 • Furosemide
 • Sodium
Hyperkalemia Management ... Furosemide • Sodium ... bicarbonate • Sodium ... #Hyperkalemia #Management
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus