59 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia due to increased Vitamin D levels
 • The BIG 3:
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... diseases: PR3+ ... vasculitis, Crohn's disease ... Genetic: Williams syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology
Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILD)
Exposure-Related ILD (a.k.a. extrinsic allergic alveolitis): 
 • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Farmer's lung, Bird
ILD caused by inhalation ... • Vasculitis: Granulomatosis ... , Eosinophilic granulomatosis ... Churg Strauss syndrome ... differential #pulmonary #causes
Dermatologic Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)

Skin involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is common and
GPA causes disease ... Rarely dominate the clinical ... • Goodpasture syndrome ... Polyangiitis #GPA #dermatology ... rash #diagnosis #rheumatology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... analogues - Granulomatous ... syndrome Other ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Causes of Diffuse Lung Disease. 
Collagen vascular 
 - Scleroderma 
 - Rheumatoid arthritis 
 -
Causes of Diffuse ... Lung Disease. ... Vasculitides - Wegener granulomatosis ... Churg-Strauss syndrome ... #Diffuse #Lung
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... failure, Addison's disease ... absorption: • Granulomatous ... calcium)-alkali syndrome ... calcium #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Cholecalciferol - Granulomatous ... Disease, Lymphoma ... Solid Tumors: Lung ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
to 8 years Clinical ... • Chronic lung ... DDX - Other causes ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... hypogammaglobulinemia #immunology #hematology
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
• Sjögren syndrome ... connective tissue disease ... 90% • Anti-GBM disease ... antibodies #diagnosis #rheumatology ... #diseases
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Causes of Adrenal ... Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome ... Infiltrative: Malignancy, Granulomatous ... Disease, Amyloidsis ... #endocrinology