59 results
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Nausea and Vomiting - Differential Algorithm #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Causes #Nausea #Vomiting #Differential #NonGI
Causes of Nausea ... - Differential Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #EM ... #IM #Causes #Nausea ... Differential #NonGI #Algorithm
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Metolazone Loop diuretics ... ), Isosorbide, Mannitol ... loop #thiazide #classes
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Solute Diuresis
 • Na intake/saline
 • Glucosuria: Hyperglycemia, SGLT-2 inhibitors
 • Urea: Exogenous
Diagnosis Solute Diuresis ... Resolution of AKI • Mannitol ... use Water Diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Causes
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... gliflozins) • Other: Mannitol ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... (Mannitol) • ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
foscarnet - Diuretics ... and other loop diuretics ... Thiazides - Mannitol ... antiretroviral therapy - Diuretics ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Types and causes of acute diarrhea #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Diarrhea #Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Types and causes ... diarrhea #Diagnosis #EM ... #Differential #Algorithm