19 results
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
empagliflozin LOOP ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... DIURETICS • Mannitol ... Pharmacology #summary #table
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... ), Isosorbide, Mannitol ... as no effect on sodium ... #thiazide #classes
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... Thiazides - Mannitol ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #potassium
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (Edematous) - Look ... treat underlying cause ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
Potassium-Binding ... constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... hypokalemia); nausea ... of aspiration #Potassium ... #pharmacology #table
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... the indicated causes ... the excretion of sodium ... and potassium acid
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology