62 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... Hypervolemic hypernatremia ... - CHF - Cirrhosis ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... Drugs - SIADH Renal
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Hypernatremia ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... GI losses • Renal ... Reduced GFR, AKI/CRF
Hyponatremia Correction
1. Indications for Hypertonic Saline: seizure, coma, focal findings
   - typically occurs with
Hyponatremia Correction ... 100-110 - Symptoms ... Demyelination Syndrome ... desmopressin MH/CCF ... rate #management #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
anemia) • G-CSF ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypernatremia - ... Hypernatremia: ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... underlying cause (CHF ... cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology