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diagnosis hyponatremia rhabdomyolysis treatment ckd diuresis diuretics encephalopathy excretion htn hypotonic intercellularshift kidneydisease medications physiologic posterior potassium pres reversible secondary
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
> 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... : • Acute or chronic ... renal failure ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... 3 months Pre-Renal ... Atheroemboli • Renal ... Post-Renal (Obstruction ... KidneyDisease #Nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM) Hypertensive urgency
(multi-drug resistance ... ) Renal Parenchymal ... • AKI/CKD Mineralocorticoid ... Hyperthyroidism • Hypercalcemia ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... renal failure ... • AKI High Renin ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
-> renal vasocontriction ... -> decreased renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... , Hypervolemia with ... poor renal perfusion ... #sodium #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
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