35 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Diagnostic of ... infection • Hyaline ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Inflammatory Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Monoarticular
 • Gout (Podagra, Tophi)
 • Pseudogout
 • Early
• Reactive (e.g ... Enteropathic (e.g ... Enteropathic (e.g ... Inflammatory #JointPain #MSK ... #Causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... #nephrology
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
(Many causes!) ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... Wonderland #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology #differential
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Algorithm Persistent ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... CastsHyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis
Pathologic / Fragility Fractures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Tumours
 - See Bone Lesions Scheme
Paget's Disease
 -
Algorithm Tumours ... Disease - Skull/spine ... Malignancy • Drugs (e.g ... Fractures #Pathologic #MSK ... #Causes
Vascular Joint Pain - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
 - Constant Pain (Ischemia)
 - Acute Onset
 -
Septic Embolism (e.g ... Fat Embolism (e.g ... Mycotic Aneurysm (e.g ... Vascular #JointPain #MSK ... #Causes
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Sleep Deprivation (Eg ... Neurologic Disorders (Eg ... • Medications (Eg ... • Drug Abuse (Eg ... #Algorithm #Causes