52 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Diagnostic of ... infection • Hyaline ... #Atlas #key #diagnosis ... #nephrology #casts
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
(Many causes!) ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... Wonderland #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology #differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... AIN) • Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Diagnosis by Classification ... Medication side effect (e.g ... Medication side effect (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Classification ... #Table #Causes
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... #Types #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology ... Chemotherapy (e.g ... #differential # ... diagnosis #hematology ... #microscopy #atlas
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... CastsHyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #nephrology #interpretation ... #diagnosis