43 results
Urine Microscopy - Kidney Stones and Crystals 

Uric Acid, Cystine, Hippurate, Cloth Fiber, Tyrosine, CaOx, CaP,
Urine Microscopy ... Identification #Differential ... #Shapes #Diagnosis ... #Stones #Key #Nephrology ... Sediment #Kidney #Atlas
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hypertonic saline ... Polyuria scheme) e.g ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... - Diagnostic of ... infection • Hyaline ... #Microscopy #Atlas ... #nephrology #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential ... polyangiitis (GPA) / microscopic ... Protein deposition (eg ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #urology #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... solute intake (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... #nephrology
Urine Microscopy Instructions
1) Spin fresh urine sample (10-15mL) in a centrifuge for 3-5 minutes - Don't
Urine Microscopy ... 1) Spin fresh urine ... slide with a cover ... under lower power (casts ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Urine Microscopy ... CastsHyaline ... colored compounds (e.g ... #Urine #Microscopy ... #nephrology #interpretation
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... #Polyuria #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #nephrology