311 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
acute tubular necrosis ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... tuberculosis Fatty - Nephrotic
Causes of AKI in Pregnancy - Differential Diagnosis
Creatinine - Platelets - Transaminases - LDH - PT/PTT
HELLP • Lupus Nephritis ... AFLP • Cortical Necrosis
NSAIDS and their effects on the Kidney - Pathophysiology

Arachidonic Acid metabolites into alternative pathways that modify
Acute Interstitial Nephritis ... Necrosis of kidney ... • Papillary Necrosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Acute tubular necrosis ... Interstitial nephritis
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
biologics (tumor necrosis ... 10-50%) - HTN, nephrotic ... /nephritic syndrome
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
Acute tubular necrosis ... Acute interstitial nephritis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
- Interstitial nephritis ... Ischemic - Papillary necrosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
acute tubular necrosis ... suggestive of nephrotic
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Prerenal:
 • Due to true volume loss or decreased
(Acute tubular necrosis ... acute interstitial nephritis
DRESS Syndrome vs SJS/TEN
DRESS
 • Latency: 2-8 weeks
 • Rash: Morbilliform
 • Mucosal involvement: 50% have
Tubulointerstitial nephritis ... Full-thickness epidermal necrosis