2892 results
Cyanide Toxicity 
Treatment:
1) Hydroxocobalamin + Cyanide = Cyanocobalamin (nontoxic) 
   or 
2) Amyl nitrite
or 2) Amyl nitrite ... - causes methemoglobinemia
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Causes of Dysuria ... Dipstick positive for nitrites ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Dipstick negative for nitrites ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... agents ex. dapsone, nitrates ... Intravascular Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
WBCs, or urine nitrites ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... Nephrology if cause
Drug-Induced Edema
Drug-induced edema is caused by many drugs & can coincide with or worsen pre-existing peripheral
Drug-induced edema is caused ... - Increased nitric ... Edema #Medication #Causes
Post-abortion Hemorrhage Management Algorithm
Cervical laceration
 → Direct pressure, silver nitrate for small laceration
 → Repair with
pressure, silver nitrate ... atony or unsure of cause
Serious Bacterial Illness (SBI):
1) UTI and pyelonephritis
Most common cause of SBI
Accounts for 3-8% of uncharacterized fevers
Female
pyelonephritis Most common cause ... 75% specificity, Nitrites
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Neurocardiogenic:
 • Vasovagal
 • Orthostatic Hypotension
 • Autonomic Neuropathy
 • Situational (micturition,
Medications (CCB, ßB, Nitrates ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Presence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in a patient with portal hypertension
No other obvious causes (chronic
other obvious causes ... vasodilatory effects of nitric ... - Mechanism: causes ... cyclase (sGC) to nitric
Typical Therapeutic Applications of Penicillin G
Pneumococcal Pneumonia
 • Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial
pneumoniae is a major cause ... ill from other causes ... Gonorrhea • Silver nitrate