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diagnosis differential algorithm hyperkalemia aki acute hypokalemia kidney treatment classification shock high injury low neurology ultrasound acidosis blood comparison diuresis
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
potassium excretion ... • Acute renal ... nephritis • Obstructive ... transplant • Obstructive ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework PRERENAL: - Intrarenal vasoconstriction-hemodynamically mediated - Systemic vasodilation - Volume
urinalysis, labs - Management ... biopsy - Management ... treating underlying cause ... POSTRENAL: - Obstruction ... : Relief of obstruction
Checklist Approach to Hypokalemia Consider risk factors for arrhythmia: - EKG changes (especially QT prolongation) - Digoxin
3.5 - Severe renal ... monitoring depend on renal ... monitoring depend on renal ... #Hypokalemia #Management ... #CriticalCare
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... (if preserved renal ... #Hyperkalemia #management ... #potassium #nephrology
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones Acute Managment: • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric ... Kidney Stones Acute Managment ... persistent severe pain, Obstruction ... Monitoring for extra-renal ... #Pediatrics #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... : • Obstruction ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Defining the cause ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... at least 50% Renal ... Pigments Tubular Obstruction ... Sjögren) Post-Renal ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low ... #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) What to ask/look for: - HPI, PMH, full ROS
protein/Cr - Renal ... rhabdo/TLS) Causes ... Urinary tract obstruction ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
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