58 results
All About Horner's Syndrome

Horner's syndrome, known as 
"oculosympathetic paresis" by people 
who don't have friends, is
ptosis (droop eyelid ... didn't sweat on half ... accepted into Half ... #Overview #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Neurology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • nephrotic syndrome ... renal failure #Hypernatremia ... Workup #Algorithm #Nephrology
One-and-a-Half Syndrome
1 - One eye cannot move AT ALL horizontally
1/2 - The other eye can only
One-and-a-Half Syndrome ... abduct (can do only half ... OneAndAHalf #One #Half ... #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #neurology
Localizing Extraocular Movement Disorders
 • CN Ill (Oculomotor) Nerve Palsy 
 • CN IV (Trochlear) Nerve
Iniury • One-and-a-half ... Syndrome • Cavernous ... #Localization #ophthalmology ... #neurology #differential
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... irrigants Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... failure, nephrotic syndrome ... thecurbsiders #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Parinaud's Syndrome
What?
 - Impaired upgaze
 - Light-near dissociation
 - Convergence retraction nystagmus
 - Eyelid retraction (Collier's
Parinaud's Syndrome ... retraction nystagmus - Eyelid ... gabifpucci #Parinauds #Syndrome ... diagnosis #pineal #neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology