341 results
Bone resorption and the relationship between osteoblasts and osteoclasts.  
RANK is expressed on the osteoclasts,
Bone resorption ... relationship between osteoblasts ... marrow cells and osteoblasts ... RANK stimulates osteoclast ... projections from an osteoclast
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
Incr IGF1 • Bone ... IGFIR activates osteoblasts ... GrowthHormone #GH #FeedbackLoop
Malignant Bone Tumors: Pathogenesis of X-ray appearance

 • Metastatic bone tumors (aka. cancerous cells from systemic
Malignant Bone Tumors ... • Metastatic bone ... cells activate osteoblasts ... and renal cancer bone ... Diagnosis #XRay #Bony
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 • Negative feedback on hypothalamus/pituitary, Decreasing ACTH -> Decr Sex
production of osteoblasts ... and GF's -> Osteoblasts ... -> Reduced Bone ... Formation, Increased Bone
Fracture Healing (and disruptors of this process)
Inflammatory Stage (0-7d)
 • Fracture disrupts local blood vessels ->
forms bony callus ... mos - yrs) • Osteoclast-osteoblast ... coupled bone remodeling ... Fluoroquinolones - Causes ... from GI tract, bone
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone ... Hyperthyroid, Bony ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Bone Lesion on X-Ray - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 
Exostotic
 • Osteochondroma
Asymptomatic &/or Non-Active Bone Scam
 •
Bone Lesion on X-Ray ... /or Non-Active Bone ... • Unicameral Bone ... • Aneurysmal Bone ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Primary Bone Tumors - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm 

Metastatic - Most common tumour in adults
 - Breast
Primary Bone Tumors ... • Aneurysmal Bone ... Histiocytoma #Primary #Bone ... #Bony #Tumors # ... #Orthopedics #Causes
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
asymmetric reduction in tone ... within GI and URT causes ... Maternal viremia causes ... Hematogenous spread causes ... evasion techniques cause
Paget's Disease of Bone

 • Characterized by an ↑ rate of bone turnover with both excessive
Paget's Disease of Bone ... by an ↑ rate of bone ... and formation of bone ... • Caused by ( ... Pagets #Disease #Bone