125 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #management ... #classification
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
and Nephrotic Syndromes ... Nephritic syndrome—due ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Classification
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN ... obesity-hypoventilation syndrome ... Difficulty diffusing oxygen ... with supplemental oxygen ... hepatopulmonary syndrome
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen ... HPS-severity classification ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome
Classification of Jaundice
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (predominantly indirect bilirubin)
 • Increased bilirubin production (eg, hemolytic anemias, hemolytic reactions,
Classification of ... cholestasis, and some cases ... miscellaneous causes ... #Jaundice #Classification ... #differential #causes
Lactic Acidosis - Classification and Differential Diagnosis
Type A Lactic Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen Delivery
 • Anaerobic muscular
Lactic Acidosis - Classification ... Acidosis: Inadequate Oxygen ... Reduced tissue oxygen ... failure, Short bowel syndrome ... Lactic #Acidosis #Classification
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... Babesia, Malaria • Oxygen ... Intravascular Causes ... #classification
Oxygen Delivery by Device

Nasal Cannula 
• Indicated for low-flow, low-percentage supplemental oxygen. 
• Flow rate of
Oxygen Delivery ... • Delivers oxygen ... retention of exhaled gases ... • Uses either ... Equipment #Devices #Management
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Hypotension - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Hypotension is commonly due to unnecessarily deep anaesthesia, the autonomic
problem in adequate oxygen ... ❶ Adequate oxygen ... AND give 100% oxygen ... pressure as a cause ... Checklist #Diagnosis #Management