16 results
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #anemia
Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia 
1) DIAGNOSE AIHA
 • Anemia: macrocytic > normocytic, ↑ reticulocytes
 •
Hemolytic Anemia ... • Blood smear: Differential ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... #diagnosis #management ... #treatment #rheumatology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Thrombocytopenia - Differential ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... methotrexate) • Drugs Autoimmune ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis
Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis):
 • Acute infection
 • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... iron deficiency, hemolysis ... inflammatory disorders (e.g ... . autoimmune, TB ... Myelodysplastic syndrome
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... - Extrinsic: Autoimmune ... aciduria, Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Inflammatory and Autoimmune ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
Retroperitoneal, Uterine • Hemolysis ... : Autoimmune, Microangiopathic ... hemolytic anemia ... Production #Index #hematology ... #anemia #differential
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Chemotherapy (e.g ... hemolytic anemia ... hemolytic anemia ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Hemolysis - Differential ... Membrane): - Autoimmune ... Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Diagnosis #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... Viral infection, autoimmune ... CLL (older) • Autoimmune ... younger pts) Differential ... #anemia #hematology