52 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
glomerular hematuria (RBC ... casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)? ... Comparison #Algorithm #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis ... (proteinuria, RBC ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Interpreting Right Heart Catheterizations

Always interpret a RHC based on the indication for getting the test. This
Always interpret a RHC ... for suspicion of pulmonary ... Catheterization #RHC ... #diagnosis #pulmonary ... #hypertension #cardiology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... - Differential Diagnosis ... /RBC casts ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: 3 or more RBC ... hematuria: - RBC ... castsDiagnostic ... - Dysmorphic RBC ... #nephrology #renal
Right Heart Catheterization Waveforms and Pressures
Right Atrial Pressure:
 • Mean: 1-5 mm Hg
Right Ventricular Pressure:
 •
Diastolic: 1-7 mm Hg Pulmonary-Artery ... Mean: 9-19 mm Hg Pulmonary-Capillary ... Catheterization #RHC ... normal #wedge #diagnosis ... #cardiology
Right Heart Cath - Normal Cardiac Pressures

Right Atrial Pressure (RAP) or Central Venous Pressure (CVP)
 •
mmHg (Diastolic) Pulmonary ... Atrial Pressure or Pulmonary ... Cardiac #Pressures #RHC ... #cardiology #diagnosis
Urine Microscopy - Casts
Acellular Casts
 • Hyaline Casts - Consists of only precipitated Tamm-Horsfell protein without
Acellular Casts ... : • RBC Casts - ... glomerulonephritis • WBC ... Urine #Microscopy #nephrology ... interpretation #diagnosis
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
Sediment (dysmorphic RBC ... , RBC casts, +/- ... Glomerulonephritis #MPGN #nephrology ... #diagnosis #renal