11 results
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... → Glucosuria → Polyuria ... #dka #hhs #pathophysiology ... #comparison #endocrinology ... #diabetes #diabetic
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
Causes of Polyuria ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Diabetes Insipidus ... • Nephrogenic DI ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Polyuria - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... solute load #Polyuria ... #causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polyuria = >3L ... 100 mosm/kg • Diabetes ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

DKA is a result of an absolute or relative insulin
of Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... hyponatremia, polyuria ... #Pathophysiology ... #DKA #Diabetes ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Polyuria - Urine ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Management #Algorithm ... #Sodium #nephrology ... #insipidus #DI
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... diuresis (see Polyuria ... 300 mmol/kg • Diabetes ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Two-step Copeptin algorithm for differential diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Baseline Copeptin < 21.4 pmol/L:
 • Arginine-stimulated
Two-step Copeptin algorithm ... differential diagnosis of Diabetes ... #Diabetes #Insipidus ... #DI #algorithm ... #copeptin #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ... Polyphagia • Polyuria ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology ... #diabetes