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Hemolytic Anemias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Signs of anemia and hemolysis:
 • ↓ Haptoglobin
 • ↑ LDH
Hemolytic Anemias ... Algorithm Signs of anemia ... • Extrinsic RBC ... • Intrinsic RBC ... #Hemolytic #Anemias
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Iron deficiency anemia ... Chronic disease anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia ... autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia
 - Defects in RBC internal contents (thalassemia, hemoglobinopathies, and metabolic defects)
 -
Pathophysiology of Hemolytic Anemia ... - Defects in RBC ... - Defects in RBC ... Pathophysiology #Hemolytic #Anemia
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
approximately how long ... transform into a RBC ... particular degree of anemia ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... , Intrinsic RBC
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
== Decreased RBC ... Hypertriglyceridemia • Uremia ... Glucose Content • RBC ... Reduction == Increase RBC ... • Hemolytic anemia
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology Atlas
 • Microcytic - Iron-deficiency anemia, Thalassemia, Sideroblastic anemia, Lead poisoning
Red Blood Cell (RBC ... Iron-deficiency anemia ... Sideroblastic anemia ... Megaloblastic anemia ... coagulopathy (DIC) #RBC
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Overall Approach to Anemia ... RBCs Decreased RBC ... Deficiency • Aplastic Anemia ... • Anemia of Chronic ... Non-lmmune #Anemia
Causes of Anemia with Normal Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased WBCs
 - Decreased/NormaI
Causes of Anemia ... Polychromatic Macrocytes, RBC ... Spherocytes, RBC ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias ... #Normocytic #Anemia
Hematology Algorithms 

Anemia is described as a reduction in the proportion of the red blood cells.
RBC are produced ... Approximately 1% of RBC ... destruction of RBC ... leads to anemia ... Mentzer index = (MCV/RBC
Dacrocytes (tear drop cells) 
Other poikilocytes resemble a pear or teardrop. The narrow, tapered end
may be
tapered end may be long ... metaplasia, pernicious anemia ... some hemolytic anemias