26 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... Peripheral Smear ... dysplastic erythroid precursors ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Peripheral blood smear
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Normal Blood Smear ... • Pernicious Anemia ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Hemolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

1) Environment
  - Fragmentation
  - MAHA: TTP, HUS, DIC, HELLP
Drug-associated, PCH, Evans Syndrome ... Defects: Sickle cell anemia ... Peripheral Blood Smear
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... • Anterograde amnesia ... Therefore, Korsakoff Syndrome ... neudrawlogy #Korsakoff #Syndrome ... #neurology #diagnosis
Schistocytes - The arrows point to schistocytes which are fragmented red blood cells. Also called schizocytes,
seen in hemolytic anemias ... microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... hemolytic- uremic syndromes ... BloodSmear #Blood #Smear
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Acalculia • Alexia ... • Anomia • ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome ... #Hemiplegia #Neurology
Approach to Thrombocytosis - Elevated Platelet Count - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Peripheral Smear concerning for malignancy?
Peripheral Smear ... hemolysis, deficiency anemia ... Kawasaki, Nephrotic syndrome
Causes of Peripheral Weakness without Sensory Changes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Objective Weakness
 • Cardio-pulmonary disease
Cardio-pulmonary disease • Anemia ... Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome ... Peripheral #Weakness #Neurology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Cold Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... • hemolytic anemia ... IgM) • Blood smear ... disease #hemolytic #anemia