20 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Syndrome Step ... hematuria and/or proteinuria ... /nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... urine sediment ... #nephrotic #syndrome
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... RBC casts, +/- proteinuria ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... , malignant HTN
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... range) proteinuria
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and signs • Glomerulonephritis ... • Interstitial nephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
and concentrated urine ... casts are seen in acute ... Red blood cell - Glomerulonephritis ... tubulointerstitial nephritis ... syndrome ("Maltese
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... sodium retention, Urine ... • AKI/CKD • Nephrotic ... Oncotic Pressure • Nephrotic ... • Sepsis • Acute
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Hepatorenal syndromes ... Drugs • HIV • Malignancy ... Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis ... Interstitial Nephritis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... glomerular bleeding (proteinuria ... Risk factors for malignancy ... Hematuria #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... pathology • Malignancy ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... syndrome • Reduced ... Hypo-osmolar urine