13 results
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
Syndrome Step ... hematuria and/or proteinuria ... /nephritic syndromes ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Diagnosis Table ... - Serum Ascites ... SAAG < 1.1: • Nephrotic ... syndromeMalignancy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Algorithm - Approach ... hemolytic-uremic syndrome ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... urine sediment ... #nephrotic #syndrome
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) AKA: Mesangiocapillary GN
 • Active Urine Sediment (dysmorphic RBC, RBC casts, +/- proteinuria)
GN • Active Urine ... RBC casts, +/- proteinuria ... anti-phospholipid syndrome ... glomerulopathy, radiation nephritis ... , malignant HTN
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... blood cells on urine ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic ... range) proteinuria
Causes of Ascites - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Portal Hypertension - Prehepatic:
 • Portal vein thrombosis
 • Splenic
Causes of Ascites ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Protein-poor: • Nephrotic ... Protein-rich: • Malignancy ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Ascites
Normal Peritoneum
Portal hypertension (SAAG > 1.1 g/dL)
  1. Hepatic congestionl
- Budd-Chiari syndrome ... 1.1 g/dL) - Nephrotic ... syndrome - Protein-losing ... - Urine ascites ... HIV-associated peritonitis Malignant
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and signs • Glomerulonephritis ... • Interstitial nephritis ... • Cardio-renal syndrome ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... pathology • Malignancy ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... syndrome • Reduced ... Hypo-osmolar urine
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Syndrome of Inappropriate ... pathology • Malignancy ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... syndrome • Reduced ... Hypo-osmolar urine