12 results
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
Secondary Causes ... HTN • Onset < ... multi-drug resistance) Renal ... #HTN #Secondary ... #Nephrology #Differential
Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS) Types
 • Type 1 - Acute CRS: Alteration of renal perfusion is the
Alteration of renal ... - Chronic CRS: Renal ... considered drug induced renal ... and VAD induced renal ... shifts may be in cause
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
the existence of hypertension ... suggests either secondary ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... hypokalemia • Renal ... #nephrology #potassium
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Causes of Secondary ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal ... most pts have HTN
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
thromboembolism, renal ... tumors INTRINSINC RENAL ... nephropathy • Secondary ... • Prolonged hypotension ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
Guide to Acute Kidney ... - Recent hypo/hypertension ... protein/Cr - Renal ... - 45% - Pre-renal ... and pre-renal)
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Agents Regulating Renal ... Kidney stones caused ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Diuretics #Renal ... #Medications #Table
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Overview

Clinico-Radiological Syndrome, characterized by:
 • Headache
 • Seizures
 • Altered mental
Immunosuppressive agents, Renal ... syndrome, ADEM, Acute ... the underlying cause ... • Treatment of HTN ... until cause identified
Syphilis - Clinical Manifestations and Treatment

1) Primary Syphilis
 • Direct lesion contact during sex is responsible
responsible for most cases ... loss • Skin: Rash ... ; Alopecia • Renal ... nephritis with hypertension ... and acute renal