3170 results
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
↑ intestinal absorption ... ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↑ tubular reabsorption ... Hypophosphatemia: ↑ bone reabsorption ... ↓↓ tubular reabsorption
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
intestinal calcium absorption ... and stimulates resorption ... Stimulate calcium reabsorption ... kidney, Stimulates resorption
Hypercalcemia - Hormones and Pathophysiology  
Calcitriol:
 • Bones: Enhances mineralization
 • GI Tract: ↑ Ca2+
Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , ↑ PO4- reabsorption ... Kidneys: ↑ Ca2+ reabsorption ... , ↓ PO4- reabsorption ... , PO4- reabsorption
Major Segments of the Nephron and their Functions 
 - Glomerulus - Formation of glomerular filtrate
tubule (PCT) - Reabsorption ... Isosmotic reabsorption ... Secretion and reabsorption ... loop - Passive reabsorption ... Pathophysiology #Tubules #Table
Fluid and Water Secretion and Absorption in the GI Tract

#Fluid #water #Secretion #Absorption #reabsorption #GITract #diagnosis
Secretion and Absorption ... water #Secretion #Absorption ... #reabsorption #
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Miscellaneous - Bone Resorption ... - Calcium Reabsorption
Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) Ttype 2 Overview

HCO3 reabsorptive failure
Lowering of threshold for HCO3 absorption in
Overview HCO3 reabsorptive ... threshold for HCO3 absorption
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Bioavailability, Absorption ... Pharmacology #Comparison #Table
Oral Hypoglycemics in Diabetes Management
1  INSULIN SENSITIZER
 • TZD 
     -
Diabeta) 3 CARB ABSORPTION ... slows gut starch absorption ... tubule glucose reabsorption
How SGLT2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in proximal tubule and improve systemic glucose homeostasis:
https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(18)30633-4/fulltext

#Pathophysiology #Mechanism #Nephrology
block glucose reabsorption ... SLGT2 #Inhibitors #Reabsorption