53 results
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
signs, Fragile bones ... easily/weakness, Bone ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Infographic depicting the main pearls of various types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia for the medical student.
CAH #algorithm #causes ... CongenitalAdrenalHyperplasia #diagnosis ... #comparison #treatment ... #Peds #Endocrinology ... #Adrenal #pathophysiology
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... sometimes advanced treatment ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Chemotherapy • Bone ... Cystic Fibrosis, CHF ... #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes #pediatrics
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... → Inflammation causes ... functional ID) Treatment ... improvement in symptoms ... iron #deficiency #CHF
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions
TRALI:
 • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl
 • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... ARDS to explain symptoms ... : 33% • Treatment ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... Reactions #hematology #diagnosis
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause ... Heart Failure (CHF ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... mineralization Symptoms ... Difficulty walking Diagnosis ... Phosphatase: • Other causes
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Weakness, Incr CK • Bone ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Complications #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms ... #diagnosis
Growth Hormone Excess - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Acromegaly and gigantism share the same pathophysiology
• Other rare causes ... Overproduction #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology