12 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... high or low Uosm ... , Post-AKI diuresis ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Independent: • Tea ... Beer Potomania - Low ... liver failure, nephrotic ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Hypovolemia ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... volume loss - diuretics ... liver failure • nephrotic ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #sodium
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Diagnosis Algorithm ... CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic ... Potomania - Tea ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium