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Initial Clinical and Laboratory Data Base for Defining Major Syndromes in Nephrology

#Major #Syndromes #Nephrology #Diagnosis #Workup
Defining Major Syndromes ... in Nephrology ... #Major #Syndromes ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis ... #Workup #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Aldosterone: Liddle's Syndrome ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... diuretics, Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #low #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... - Differential ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #nephrology #PTH
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... diagnosis and treatment ... • Sjögren syndrome ... #neurology #inflammatory ... #differential #
Effects of Strokes by Location - Anterior vs Posterior Localization

Anterior Circulation 
 - MCA 
 -
Artery #Strokes #Syndromes ... Localization #Effects #Neurology ... #Diagnosis #Table ... GrepMed Recommended Text ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
acid, Liddle's Syndrome ... R - Cushing's syndrome ... Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Diuretics, Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... acid, Liddle's syndrome ... • Cushing's syndrome ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
- Differential ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome ... #phosphate #nephrology
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hyperphosphatemia: paraproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, hemolysis, hyperbilirubinemia, liposomal amphotericin
Workup for Hyperphosphatemia ... - Differential ... Rhabdomyolysis, Tumor lysis syndrome ... Diagnosis #Framework #Workup ... #phosphate #nephrology