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differential hypokalemia low hyponatremia workup alkalosis management metabolic blood hyperkalemia polyuria sodium treatment acute aki casts glomerular hematuria hypomagnesemia injury
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Defining ... starts by measuring ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology #potassium
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Algorithm • Confirm ... mimics, repeat testing ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
Algorithm Urine ... 100 mOsm/kg) • Primary ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... Recovery from Acute Renal ... • Primary polydipsia ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
from other causes ... suggests extra-renal ... ↑ Aldosterone: Primary ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... #potassium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm Decreased renal potassium excretion • Acute renal failure • Chronic renal failure • Drugs Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... algorithm Decreased ... renal potassium ... Renin High: • Primary ... #algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing Common causes: • Renal parenchymal disease
- Differential Diagnosis ... and Screening Testing ... angiography • Primary ... (with 24-h urine ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... osmolarity If cause ... #AKI #Workup #Algorithm ... #nephrology #causes
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
Cerebral salt wasting ... Glucocorticoid deficiency, Primary ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... suppression • Primary ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
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